The aim of this study was to investigate effects on neuroendocrine activity during ovarian maturation in the mole Crab Emerita emeritus (Linnaeus, 1767). The mole crabs E.emerituswere collected from Elliot’s beach, Chennai. The female crabs were identified based on the occurrence of three pairs of pleopodal hairs.  Histological changes in the neurosecretory cells of the brain and thoracic ganglia of Emerita emeritus during different stages of ovarian maturation were recorded.  The brain possessed five types of neurosecretory cells such as A (45-48 µm), A’similar to A except the presence of the axon, B (35-40 µm), C (25- 29 µm) and D (8-10 µm).  They were arranged in different parts of the brain and were distributed along the protocerebrum, deutrocerebrum and tritocerebrum. Thoracic ganglionic mass was divided into anterior, middle and posterior regions. NSCs were distributed in anterior and posterior regions but were lacking in the middle portion. Three types of neurosecretory cells namely A, B and C were recorded in the thoracic ganglion. In the dorsal and ventral sides of the anterior region of thoracic ganglia B type of cells measuring about 15-20 µm in diameter was distributed. Changes in different neurosecretory cell types in brain and thoracic ganglia were correlated with the ovarian developmental stages. The changes in the neurosecretory cells points to secretion of certain hormones, which regulate the process of ovarian development.