Background:  Smoking is associated with a variety of changes in the oral cavity. Cigarette smoke has effects on saliva, oral commensal bacteria and fungi. Fungi are capable to produce opportunistic infections within the oral cavity. This study was done to determine the effect of cigarette smoking on the oral cavity.

Materials and Methods: In this case-control study, the study included 20 cases of smoker men and 20 cases of non-smoker were compared. All of the samples were collected by swab by culture on sabouraud dextrose agar and microscopically examined.

Results: Out of the 20 smoker individuals, 14(70%) had fungi colonization in their oral cavity while 7(35%) of the 20 non-smoker individuals had developed this fungi colonization. A significant difference was observed between the two groups (p<0.05).

Conclusion: Cigarette smoking can act as an important underlying factor in oral growth of fungi.